The goal of this research is to identify the localized temperature changes as individual powders enter the melt pool, melt, solidify, and possibly cause porosity. Varying cooling rates determine the resulting microstructure as well as the properties in these localized areas. The resulting X-ray data feeds into multi-physics models and inform us on how process parameters influence the final material properties. This work is done by using both high-speed infrared imaging, X-ray imaging, and X-ray diffraction simultaneously.